VR FleetCare, the rolling stock maintenance and modernization division of Finland’s state-owned railway operator, has developed a technical solution that allows trains to be transferred from Sweden to Finland by rail, despite the difference in gauge between the two networks.
On January 9, 2026, the first X40 electric train from Swedish operator SJ arrived by rail in the Finnish city of Oulu, crossing the border via Haaparanta–Tornio.
The transfer was carried out using bogie transfer devices developed by VR FleetCare, adapted to the Finnish gauge (1,524 mm broad gauge network).
A first for Finnish rail transport
This is the first time in a long time that a passenger train has been transported by rail to Finland from another country, albeit without passengers on board.
Until now, the difference in gauge between Sweden and Finland meant that such transfers were carried out almost exclusively by road, using oversized transport.
According to VR FleetCare, the new solution allows for the full transfer of European standard gauge trains to its centers in Finland for maintenance or modernization, reducing environmental impact and increasing logistical efficiency.
Joint project with SJ
The transfer bogies are being used as part of a major modernization project for the SJ fleet, which involves 27 X40 double-decker electric multiple units, which will be reconditioned at the VR FleetCare center in Oulu.
The work will extend the life of the trains by 15–20 years, with the last modernized units expected to return to service in early 2028.
“The difference in gauge led us to develop a new type of bogie, designed specifically for transporting foreign rolling stock to Finland. SJ trains are transferred to Tornio on these bogies, which are compatible with the Finnish network, and can reach Oulu entirely by rail,” said Peter Guldbrand, sales and project management manager at VR FleetCare.
Environmental and operational benefits
From the perspective of the Swedish operator, the solution brings both logistical and environmental benefits. Eliminating bulky road transport reduces emissions, and trains no longer need to be dismantled and reassembled outside the workshops, reducing the risk of subsequent technical problems.
VR FleetCare has invested nearly EUR 10 million in the development of the project center in Oulu, including a new paint shop and modernized facilities.
The company estimates that the solution will facilitate, in the long term, the transfer of rolling stock from other Nordic countries, strengthening Finland’s position as a regional hub for train maintenance.
Share on:
